New Mexico Resident Index 1790: Unveiling the Foundations of a Vibrant Community

The New Mexico Resident Index of 1790 serves as a critical document in understanding the early demographics of what would become the state of New Mexico. This index, meticulously compiled over two centuries ago, provides a snapshot of the people who called this region home during the late 18th century. Let’s delve into the details of this historical record and the insights it offers.

The Context of the New Mexico Resident Index 1790

The year 1790 was a time of significant transition in New Mexico. The region was under Spanish rule, and the population was a blend of Native Americans, Spanish settlers, and a few African slaves. The index was created as part of the United States’ first census, which aimed to enumerate the population for the purpose of taxation and representation in Congress.

The Composition of the Population

According to the New Mexico Resident Index 1790, the population was diverse. Here are some key points about the composition:

• Native American Tribes: The region was inhabited by various Native American tribes, including the Pueblo peoples, Apache, and Navajo. They accounted for a significant portion of the population.

• Spanish Settlers: Spanish colonists, including soldiers, missionaries, and civilians, made up another substantial group. They were primarily from Spain and had been living in New Mexico for several generations.

• African Slaves: There were also African slaves in New Mexico, brought by Spanish settlers. Their presence in the index provides a glimpse into the early history of slavery in the region.

Geographical Distribution

The index also sheds light on the geographical distribution of the population. Most residents were concentrated in the cities of Santa Fe and Albuquerque, as well as in the Pueblo communities. The index lists the locations of each individual, giving us a sense of where they lived and worked.

Lifestyle and Occupation

Understanding the daily lives of the residents of New Mexico in 1790 is another valuable aspect of the index. Here are some insights:

• Agriculture: Many residents were involved in farming, cultivating crops such as corn, beans, and squash. The index often notes the landholdings of individuals, indicating their economic status.

• Trade: The index also reveals that trade was an important aspect of life. Many residents were involved in the fur trade, which was a significant economic activity in the region.

• Religion: The index often includes information about the religious affiliations of individuals, indicating the influence of the Catholic Church in daily life.

The Legacy of the New Mexico Resident Index 1790

The New Mexico Resident Index 1790 is not just a historical document; it is a testament to the resilience and diversity of the people who built the foundation of what would become a vibrant and diverse state. It provides a wealth of information for historians, genealogists, and anyone interested in the rich cultural heritage of New Mexico.

By examining this index, we can appreciate the complex social fabric that was woven in the early days of New Mexico. It is a reminder of the rich tapestry of human history and the importance of preserving such records for future generations.