Introduction to the New Mexico Resident Index 1790

The New Mexico Resident Index 1790 is a significant historical document that provides invaluable insights into the early inhabitants of what is now the state of New Mexico. This index, compiled from the United States Census of 1790, serves as a cornerstone for genealogical research and historical analysis.

Understanding the Context

The year 1790 was a pivotal time in the history of the United States, particularly in the southwestern territories. The census of that year was the first conducted by the federal government, and it aimed to enumerate the population for various purposes, including taxation and representation in Congress.

New Mexico, at the time, was part of the Spanish territory of Santa Fe de Nuevo Mexico. The census reflected the diverse population that resided within the region, including Native Americans, Spanish settlers, and a small number of American colonists.

Key Findings of the Index

One of the most notable aspects of the New Mexico Resident Index 1790 is the detailed information it provides about the residents. Here are some key findings:

• The total population of New Mexico in 1790 was approximately 10,000, which included around 3,000 Native Americans, 6,000 Spanish settlers, and 1,000 American colonists.

• The index lists the names of individuals, their age, sex, and sometimes their occupation. This information is crucial for genealogists looking to trace their ancestry in the region.

• It also provides insights into the social and economic structure of the time, such as the presence of slaves and their owners, which was a significant aspect of the region’s history.

Significance for Historical Research

The New Mexico Resident Index 1790 is not just a historical document; it is a rich source of information for historians. It helps in understanding the following:

• The demographics of the region at the turn of the 18th century.

• The interactions between different cultures and ethnic groups in the area.

• The economic activities and social dynamics of the time.

Challenges and Limitations

While the New Mexico Resident Index 1790 is a valuable resource, it is not without its challenges and limitations. Some of the issues include:

• Spelling variations and errors in the original documents can make it difficult to locate specific names.

• Not all residents were listed, and some records may be incomplete or missing.

• The index primarily focuses on the white population, with limited information about Native Americans and other ethnic groups.

Conclusion

The New Mexico Resident Index 1790 is a critical document for anyone interested in the early history of New Mexico. It offers a unique glimpse into the lives of the people who called this region home over two centuries ago. Despite its limitations, the index remains an indispensable tool for genealogists, historians, and anyone seeking to understand the rich tapestry of New Mexico’s past.